A Look At Health IT Adoption Around The World
October 29, 2013
Every country, every government, every population is a participant in a global trial and error. Each one faces different circumstances and, therefore, approaches healthcare differently. But, as world health leaders see it, everyone can learn from others’ struggles and successes to improve and simplify their respective strategies. Health information technology is at the core.
Finding the global lessons from local healthcare strategies facilitates progress toward Universal Health Coverage, or UHC, a public health concept championed notably by the World Health Organization and it’s director, Margaret Chan. According to Najeeb Al-Shorbaji, director of knowledge, management, and sharing at the WHO, in a statement said WHO defines UHC as “all people receiving quality health services that meet their needs without exposing them to financial hardship in paying for them.”
A video on the WHO’s website, “The many paths to universal health coverage,” documents the various efforts in Thailand, Rwanda, Oman, China, Mexico, and Turkey to achieve this lofty goal. As the video notes, “Their experience can provide lessons to countries just beginning the journey” toward UHC. This means, ideally, more time and money spent repeating past successes and avoiding past errors – and also innovating.
Click here to view WHO video
In December 2012, the UN passed a resolution on UHC that urges member states to develop health systems capable of providing high-quality care while avoiding direct payments at the point of delivery.
Healthcare IT plays a central role in modern healthcare strategies.
As a relatively new component of healthcare, there is still much to learn about how best to integrate digital health systems. Keeping an eye out for successes and innovations — learning opportunities around the world — should be a priority for all countries, world health leaders say.
“Similar to UHC, an eHealth strategy is unique to the situation in the country,” said Al-Shorbaji, “But there are still common elements, methodologies and best practices that can help countries to avoid mistakes, for example, investing large amounts of money without a proper plan, roadmap or a strategy – this leads to fragmentation, wasting resources, disconnection with people and ‘solutions looking for problems,’”
Al-Shorbaji detailed several points on how information and communications technology is important to universal healthcare along with the challenges WHO has encountered when working with member states to integrate newer technologies into their healthcare systems. Simply put, “Data collection for public health surveillance or for personal use is a prerequisite for successful health intervention. Absence of timely and quality health data simply means hasty decision-making, non-evidence based planning, low and delayed care delivery, opinion driven management and so on.”
If UHC means targeting everyone with high-quality, affordable services, healthcare systems need to be able to record data on all of its patients, as in a national electronic health record that can allow physicians and patients to share data. Practitioners need to monitor quality of care. The health needs of the population need to be defined and monitored.
The five main challenges for developing an IT infrastructure, says Al-Shorbaji, are issues of standardization and interoperability, lack of national planning, lack of solid evidence, sustainability (as insufficient funding has limited the success of many eHealth projects), and lack of human resources. ICT, therefore, is a central component to any UHC strategy, as there needs to be a system in place that can collect and share data in the healthcare system. Finding the best route to a meaningful HIT system, though, is still being worked out around the world.
Here are glimpses at several healthcare IT projects around the world. Some have already proved successful. Others are in the works, but are exciting prospects for the use of information technology in healthcare.
The officials highlighted in this article say the projects have the potential to contribute to the world’s growing body of knowledge on how the world can best use health IT to provide more comprehensive, more accessible healthcare.
mHealth Alliance
Mobile technology’s feasibility as a health solution is no longer in question.
“Countries are really looking at mHealth as a critical strategy towards improving the health and wellbeing of women and children in particular, but also in dealing with diseases like HIV and AIDS and malaria, Patricia Mechael asserted in an Oct. 2 interview with Healthcare IT News.
Mechael is the director of the mHealth Alliance, an organization that promotes the global integration of mobile technology into health systems, programs, and services.
Last September the Alliance announced the third round of its grant program for mHealth projects across the world. In association with NORAD and the Every Woman, Every Child Innovation Working Group, the Alliance provided catalytic grants to various mHealth projects to help them scale up from pilot stage.
Once involved in the program, the grantees form classes that network with each other, sharing their own best practices. This knowledge-sharing proves fruitful not just for the grantees, but for mHealth in general, since “out of [that networking], in collaboration with the World Health Organization, we capture those learnings and then develop tools and frameworks that can then be used by others who are looking to design and implement mHealth for maternal and child health programs,” Mechael said.
The grantees had to meet the following criteria, “ingredients for success in mHealth,” as Mechael described them: “They have to have done some formative research that shows positive health outcomes in the use of their technology, they have to be engaged in public-private partnership, and they have to provide a letter of support, particularly from the public side to show there’s government buy-in.” This final requirement is especially important as a project’s disconnection from the public sector inhibits its sustainability and potential for scale.
Herein lies the project’s future direction.
“We’re spending a lot more time in the countries conducting capacity assessments with the grantees and then working to ensure linkages with other grantees and the broader ecosystem at the country level.” The Alliance now aims to bridge the gap between organizations working with mHealth and local governments struggling to implement mHealth solutions. By convening these organizations and stakeholders, the Alliance hopes to facilitate the creation of policy frameworks to ensure environments for scaling mHealth projects in their respective countries.
When asked which projects had been particularly successful, Mechael brought up cStock, the John Snow, Inc. program in Malawi that monitors health products inventory and reports stock-outs, and a UNICEF project in Uganda.
The latter project is exciting, said Mechael, because it links two platforms that are already scaled.
“What we’re seeing now in the mHealth evolution is greater integration between different technology approaches and systems so that you have broader reach and broader impact,” she said.
The UNICEF project links a citizen reporting platform, U-report, to health service delivery data, thereby allowing citizens to hold the health system more accountable. U-report has already allowed citizens to successfully lobby the Ugandan parliament to push through health funding for immunizations.
Australia: Personally controlled EHR’s, telehealth pilots
Back in 2009, the Australian government began constructing the National Broadband Network, a project that aims to give all Australians access to high-speed broadband and telephone services. The project stands to provide the IT infrastructure that will enable the Australian Government to achieve its goal of positioning Australia as a leading digital economy by 2020, according to the Australian Department of Health website.
The NBN’s ongoing development has exciting implications for healthcare IT.
On July 1, 2012, the government launched its personally controlled electronic health record system. A PCEHR allows patients to detail their own health information on a secure, online platform.
“To date over 900,000 consumers have registered for an eHealth record. It is an opt-in system and consumers control which providers have access to their eHealth record,” said a spokesperson from the Australian Government Department of Health in a statement released to Healthcare IT News. The PCEHR Act established the circumstances in which patient information can be accessed outside a patient’s access controls, for example, in an emergency.
The Department of Health spokesperson noted, “PCEHR data is stored in a secure data center in Australia, in line with the Australian Government Protective Security Policy Framework.
As the number of Australian citizens and organizations — including healthcare professionals and clinics — with access to high-speed broadband increases, patients will be able to communicate more effectively with the providers they need.
For Australians living in rural and remote areas, far from high-quality clinical care found in urban centers, the NBN Enabled Telehealth Pilots Program could potentially alleviate the difficulty citizens face in accessing healthcare. The program, focusing on care for the aged, palliative care and cancer care, will fund a group of telehealth projects.
Developing and testing these services over the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 financial years, program officials aim to demonstrate how, using the NBN infrastructure, health related transport needs can be reduced, and consumers can collaborate and communicate with their caregivers and health service providers to improve quality of care and health outcomes.
Telehealth services are scalable and able to provide an increased volume of care without a corresponding increased cost, they say, and use of a telehealth infrastructure may increase healthcare access and reduce social isolation.
Doha Qatar: Sidra Medical and Research Center
There is movement in Qatar toward improving healthcare. Qatar’s National Vision for 2030 sets two goals for the country’s development by that year: sustaining its own development and providing a high standard of living for its entire population.
“Sidra, as part of Qatar Foundation, aims to help deliver these goals through its vision of providing high quality patient care and unparalleled medical education, and becoming a leading center for biomedical research,” said Khalid Al Mohannadi, director of communications at Sidra, in a statement released to Healthcare IT News.
In the not too distant future, Sidra Medical and Research Center, a technologically advanced academic medical center, will be fully operational and open to patients.
“Sidra’s primary focus will be on specialty care for pregnant women and tertiary care for children,” said Mohannadi. Sidra will serve as a teaching hospital in partnership with Cornell University’s Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it will conduct biomedical research in development and preventative medicine, pregnancy, health, and fertility, and women’s health. Mohannadi gave the end of 2013 as a target for fully equipping the center so that it can enter its commissioning and testing phase. Arabianbusiness.com reports that Sidra will be open to patients by 2015.
IT will feature prominently at Sidra. According to Mohannadi, Sidra will meet HIMSS Analytics Stage 6 at opening and Stage 7 soon thereafter.
“Sidra’s informatics system, called Patient Electronically Accessible Record for Life, PEARL, will ensure that patients and the healthcare professionals involved in their treatment will have instant and seamless access to accurate information at the touch of a button. Patients will be able to communicate with their providers and review their medical information via the patient portal, allowing them to be part of their own care.”
All this contributes to an IT-driven hospital experience, which includes “an in-room information system” where patients can identify their caregivers and access information about their care. Moreover, Sidra will outfit every patient with an RFID tag, which, said Mohannadi, “will be used to locate and track patients around the hospital, ensuring that they are safe, comfortable and enjoy personalized medicine across their continuum of care.”
Denmark: Sundhed.dk
Denmark is widely regarded as offering some of the best healthcare in the world in terms of both patient satisfaction and affordability. The entire population receives coverage from the country’s publicly funded system.
IT has factored heavily into this success. To better understand why the Danish healthcare system works so well, it is important to look at the national eHealth portal, sundhed.dk (sundhed is Danish for “health”).
According to the portal’s website, representatives from numerous countries have consulted sundhed.dk to learn how they can realize similar health IT success.
Asked which feature could translate universally to health IT strategies, Morten Elbæk Petersen told Healthcare IT News in a statement: “I think it must be the anywhere anytime access to EHR for every citizen at every hospital and GP!”
Sundhed.dk, which launched in 2003, is a full-scale, nationwide solution, bypassing any issues of incompatibility among a multitude of local solutions. The portal serves as a communication platform between GPs and patients. Clinicians can access patient information once it has been uploaded to the EHR and share information with other providers. Patients can access their EHR securely and research available providers to determine the ones most suited to their particular care. The platform contains official health information approved by specialists from a variety of services.
Sundhed.dk also houses online patient communities, an example of healthcare successfully establishing social media to bring together similarly affected patients to share their experiences and cope together. While only portal registrants can publish to these communities, everyone can access them.
Sundhed.dk is a service to watch as healthcare in Denmark becomes increasingly digital.
“In Denmark the digital services from the public sector started as an extra channel that could be used for convenience,” said Petersen, “The government, however, has an ambitious goal that 80 percent of the communication between the public sector and the citizens should be digital by 2015. This means making the digital channels mandatory/first choice for most citizens and cutting the costs involved in providing the traditional non-digital channels. This development may of course result in more users as other channels cease to exist.”
More on Healthcare IT around the world
The projects listed above are of course only a small sampling of all the exciting HIT work under way all over the world. To learn more, check out the following sites:
HUB (healthunbound.org), a network and knowledge resource center for members of the worldwide mHealth community, powered by the mHealth Alliance.
The WHO’s Global Observatory for eHealth (http://www.who.int/goe/en/) has a directory of eHealth policies for its individual member states.
Article written by Zack McCartney
